One of the key micronutrients important for oxygen transport in the body is iron. Iron plays a crucial role in the formation of haemoglobin, which is a protein found in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. Iron deficiency anaemia is a disorder when the body is unable to create enough haemoglobin due to insufficient iron.
In addition to iron, other nutrients that are important for oxygen transport include:
- Copper: Copper is essential for the formation of red blood cells and the proper functioning of enzymes involved in iron metabolism. It is also a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of haemoglobin.
- Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is necessary for the maturation of red blood cells. Deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to the production of abnormally large red blood cells that are unable to function properly in oxygen transport.
- Folate (Vitamin B9): Folate is another B vitamin that is important for the production of red blood cells. It is involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which are necessary for the formation of new cells, including red blood cells.
- Vitamin C: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (the type of iron found in plant-based foods) from the diet. It also plays a role in the conversion of folic acid into its active form, which is important for red blood cell formation.
- Vitamin E: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect red blood cells from damage caused by free radicals. It may also play a role in maintaining the integrity of cell membranes, including those of red blood cells.
These micronutrients can be obtained from a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods such as lean meats, poultry, fish, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. However, individuals with specific dietary restrictions or medical conditions may need to pay extra attention to ensure they are getting an adequate intake of these micronutrients through food or supplements.